Chinese scientists have introduced Zuchongzhi 3.0, a groundbreaking 105-qubit quantum processor, positioning China alongside the U.S. in the quantum computing race. This advancement follows Google's Willow processor, with both achieving a new high in superconducting quantum devices. Led by Pan Jianwei, the Chinese team plans to enhance error correction techniques and aims for significant breakthroughs in areas like climate modeling and drug discovery. They advocate for global collaboration to ensure widespread benefits from quantum advancements.
Chinese scientists have made a significant leap in quantum technology with the introduction of Zuchongzhi 3.0, a groundbreaking 105-qubit quantum processor. This advancement positions China alongside the United States in the competitive arena of developing the world's most powerful quantum computer.
The announcement follows closely behind Google's unveiling of its Willow processor, underscoring the tight race between the two nations in exploring the potential of quantum computing. Both Zuchongzhi 3.0 and Willow boast an impressive 105 qubits, marking a new high for superconducting quantum devices, as noted in a recent paper from the Chinese research team, which is awaiting peer review.
According to the team, led by Pan Jianwei from the University of Science and Technology of China, Zuchongzhi 3.0 has demonstrated exceptional precision in qubit operations and stability, comparable to that of Google’s Willow. While Willow has made major strides in quantum error correction—an essential factor in enhancing the reliability of quantum machines—the Chinese researchers have plans to implement similar techniques in Zuchongzhi 3.0 soon.
The team emphasized that their new processor not only bridges the gap between quantum and classical computers but also serves as “both a testament to the progress in quantum hardware and a foundation for practical applications.”
Quantum computers utilize qubits to process information differently than traditional computers, which rely on bits that represent either a 0 or a 1. In contrast, qubits can exist in a “superposition” of both states simultaneously. This unique characteristic, coupled with quantum entanglement, enables quantum computers to tackle specific tasks significantly faster than even the most advanced supercomputers.
Despite their potential, qubits are delicate and susceptible to errors from noise and interference, making error correction a vital challenge. Researchers have developed surface code quantum error correction (QEC), employing a grid arrangement of qubits to identify and rectify errors, thereby enhancing stability.
In 2022, Chinese scientists successfully implemented distance-3 surface code QEC on an earlier Zuchongzhi model, allowing for error correction across three layers of qubits. Google’s Willow has since improved this technology, paving the way for the integration of large-scale quantum systems.
On Tuesday, the Chinese team announced ambitious plans to achieve distance-7 surface codes on Zuchongzhi 3.0 in the coming months, with aspirations to advance further to distances 9 and 11 to enhance error correction capabilities.
The implications of quantum computing are vast, with potential breakthroughs in areas such as climate modeling, artificial intelligence, and drug discovery. These advancements not only signify scientific progress but also represent strategic advantages for governments and organizations.
As the competition intensifies, both the U.S. and China are investing heavily in quantum technology. Google’s recent project involved collaboration with 13 prominent institutions, including MIT and Harvard University, highlighting the importance of partnerships in this field.
“China should further expand openness and collaboration, actively engage with the global innovation network, and work to ensure that breakthroughs in quantum technology benefit a broader range of countries and people,” the Chinese team stated on social media, emphasizing a vision for shared progress in this transformative technology.
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