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India's Trade Dynamics with the US and China: A Tale of Balances and Imbalances

India's trade story with the US and China in 2024 reveals contrasting dynamics. While trade hit $120 billion with the US and $118 billion with China, India holds a $35.3 billion surplus with the US and an $85.1 billion deficit with China. Trump's trade strategies sparked discussions, offering India new opportunities. The country aims for strategic diversification and value addition in exports to sustain economic growth and resilience.



India's trade narrative on the global stage has been intricately woven with its two major partners, the United States and China, shaping a story of growth and contrast. In the fiscal year 2024, trade figures painted a picture of burgeoning commerce, with transactions hitting $120 billion with the U.S. and $118 billion with China, marking a remarkable doubling over the past decade.

 

However, beneath the surface lies a stark disparity, as highlighted by Crisil, with India boasting a $35.3 billion surplus in trade with the U.S., juxtaposed against an $85.1 billion deficit with China. This divergence in trade dynamics not only reflects the sheer scale of India's engagements but also underlines the nuanced intricacies that define its economic relationships.

 

The resurgence of Trumponomics, championed by former US President Donald Trump, reignited discussions on global trade strategies, emphasizing protectionism, elevated tariffs, and a focus on local production. Trump's bold tariff propositions on various countries, including China, signified a fundamental shift in trade ideologies.

 

While some view these policies as radical, they present unique openings for India. The nation's willingness to facilitate market access for American enterprises, given reciprocal gestures from Washington, hints at a promising avenue for collaboration. Previous efforts towards a limited trade agreement during Trump's tenure set the stage for deeper economic ties, potentially positioning India as a primary beneficiary of evolving trade dynamics, according to Debopam Chaudhuri, Chief Economist of Piramal Enterprises.

 

As trade volumes surge with both the U.S. and China, marked by a noticeable trade surplus and deficit respectively, India's trade narrative unfolds with contrasting hues. The trade landscape with the U.S. showcases a surplus driven by robust export growth, while interactions with China reveal a widening deficit, emphasizing structural imbalances.

 

Divergent export trends further delineate these relationships, with exports to the U.S. witnessing a diverse growth spectrum across sectors, in contrast to stagnation in exports to China. India's import patterns, dominated by machinery, gems, and fuels from the U.S., and machinery, chemicals, and plastics from China, underscore the intricate web of dependencies in global trade.

 

The aftermath of the U.S.-China trade war reshaped global trade dynamics, presenting India with challenges and opportunities. While vulnerabilities surfaced in certain export sectors, initiatives like the production-linked incentive scheme aimed to bolster domestic manufacturing and reduce import reliance, steering India through turbulent times.

 

Looking ahead, India's trade narrative with its two key partners underscores the need for strategic diversification and value addition in its export portfolio. As the country navigates the complexities of global trade, bridging trade imbalances and fostering self-reliance through reforms stand as pivotal steps towards sustaining economic growth and resilience on the world stage.

 





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